Hair-waving apparatus



C. NESSLER.

HAIR WAVING APPARATUS.

APPLICATION FILED APR.16.191H.

1,400,370. Patented Dec. l13, 1921.

i'ggmuui J2 i :32 l 73 5L .ffauff'g- PATENT CHARLES NESS'LER, 0F NET YRK, N. Y., .ASSIG-N'd, T0 NESTLE PATENT HLDTNG C0.

TNC., 0F 1\T EW YORK, N. Y., A. CRPORATKN OF NEX/i7 YORK.

HMFt-WAVNG APPARATUS.

raedern.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Dee.. t3, tagt.

To @ZZ @from t may concern Be it known that I, CiiAnLEs NEssLER, a citizen of the United States, residing in New York city, county and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful lfmprovements in Hair-l/Vaving Apparatus, of which the following is a specification.

The waving of the hair on the head as heretofore accomplished by wetting the hair and then manipulating it with the. fingers and applying one at a'tim'e separate and independent combs, is, perhaps, the most natural method of waving the hair and it is a desirable method because it is not liable to accidentally injure the hair, nevertheless, the great skill required in performing this method, not only prevents the great majority of women from waving their own hair, but also makes it most difiicult to have the work done even by a skilled hair-dresser. ln most human hair there is some inherent natural waviness which is developed' unde'ru a water treatment but is defeated by t-he use of heated irons or curling pins where dry heat is used. By virtue of my improvements herein set forth, the waving of hair by use of water and combs does not require the skill heretofore demanded by the old practice and' the waving is rendered so easy and simple that perso-ns are enabled to wave their own hair on the head, and moreover the individual hairs are caused to be waved with almost complete uniformity and accuracy so that the innumerable hairs fit one in to the other, each being bent or waved substantially alike, thereby insuring the long retention of the wave-form, which may remain for many weeks, especially in hair which has wavy qualities of its own but insutiicient to show ordinarily.

My invention provides means by which water-waving can be done by anybody on their own hair o-r somebody elses hair and which can be used on transformations, wigs and other hair made up artificially. My improvements consist in the various novel arrangements and combinations of the sev eral different parts of the apparatus, all as hereinafter fully set forth and then pointed out in the claims.

I have illustrated types of my inventlon in the accompanying drawings, wherem; Figure l, is a top plan view of my improved device in expanded or open position ready for insertion in the han' to be waved.

Fig. 2, is a perspective view of the device shown in Fig. l.

Fig. 3, is a top plan viewof the device shown as partially lcollapsed or closed to bring the combs closer together and shift them endwise into their nal positions in which the hair is dried to retain the wave.

Fig. a, is an under side view of the apparatus expanded as shown in Figs. l and 2, and inserted in the hair which is shown diagrammatically as straightened prior to moving the combs toward each other. rThis view is on a reduced scale and the combs are shown as arranged substantially in line with each other in sidewiserelation.

Fig. 5, is a similar view to that shown in Fig. l, but with the combs moved into their final waving positions as sho-wn in Fig. 3, and this view also shows the hair in diagrammatic form and the scale of the view is reduced.

Fig. 6, is a diagrammatic view of aportion of the hair showing how it is finally waved by the use of the apparatus.

Fig. 7, is a side-view of a modified form of comb in which the teeth are telescopic. Fig. 8, is a modified form.

Referring to the drawings-in which like numerals of reference designate like parts throughout, l employ a set or gang of similar sized hair-combs 1, shown here as five in number though more or less may be used. The points of the teeth` of the combs do not lie in the same plane but take the form of an arch so as to conform to t-he curvature of the head of the subject in order that each tooth may rea-ch the scalp and getl a good grip on the hair in which the comb is inserted when waving the hair. The same effect of the arch 2, of the edge of the comb may also be obtained by having the combteeth made telescopic as shown in the comb 3, in Fig. 7, wherein the teeth have a tubular base section 4, with an outer solid part 5, sliding therein and iprovided with a spring 6, for pressing the sliding part outwardly. When this formof comb is pressed against the head the teeth will yield and move inwardly and thus conform to the curvature of the head.

The comb at one end is loosely connected to the adjoining comb by means of a pair of links 7 and 8,- which are respectively pivoted at one end to the end comb at 9, and l1, and at the other ends to the adjacent combi -of links 13, and 14, are pivoted at correing ends at 15,

the waving process,

proper directions,

at 10, and 12, respectively. -A similar pair spending ends at 10, and 12, to the second comb while the other ends of-said links are pivoted to the adjacent and third comb at l5, and 16, respectively. A similar pair of links 17 ,v and 18, are pivoted at correspondand 16, to the third comb and their other endsv are pivoted at 19, and 2Q, respectively, to the fourth comb, while similar links 21, and 22,v are pivoted at 19, and 20, .to 4the fourth comb at corresponding ends a'ndhavev their other ends pivoted at 23, and 24., to the fth and last comb of the set. These links between adjacent combs act like those of a parallel-ruler and maintain the combs in parallelism while they'permit the combs to be moved relatively toward each other in sidewise relation and also shifted relatively endwise. The adjacent pairs of links are flexed or bent in opposite directions when the combs are applied in as shown in Figs. 3, .and 5, making a zig-zag disposition of them and shifting the combs'endwise alternately in op osite directions.

s a yielding means for acting upon the combs to draw them together, I employ a long spring or elastic member 25, which is.

attached to the end combs by beingpassed through a perforation 26, in the back of the first comb and knotted on the end and similarly passed through a hole 27, in the last comb and knotted. The intermediate combs are formed with holes 28,29, and 30, respectively, for the passage of the spring or elastic 25, and it will be noted that-these holes are not in the same relative location in each comb but it varies so thatl when the combs are spread. out or expanded and likewise Awhen they Iare closed on each other the holes'bear a staggered relation, as indicated more particularly yin 4. As the elastic 25 passes loosely through the holes in the intermediate combs, thestaggered arrangement of the holes causes the elastic to act in a way that tends to shift the-combs alternately in opposite directions, that is to say, the stretch of elastic between ,non-adjacent combs will act` to. shift the p comb betweento one side in the effort of the elastic to straighten itself. Accordingly the set of combs are automatically moved in the both as to the sidewise and endwise'movements, andthe alternate shifting of the combs is controlled when the links are alternately bent or set as above stated. .Q The links or blades which may be flexible lsteel or of tin or wire construction, may be.' attached inany suitable well the combs 1n such manner that each individual comb can bepushed either to the right or to the left or only one way alternating.

passing they Figs. 1, and 2, also Fig.

- that is to say of lcircumference 1n 'The said flexible links permit the structure to be flexed as a whole and to .thereby move the combs out of the commonl plane or the normal planes of the respective combs, in applying the apparatus. For instance, if 'the combs are merely attached to each other by means of the links, they are movable in both directions, buty by the provision of the spring 'or elastic stretched from the first to the. last comb and lthrough holes inthe intermediate combs or between the teeth of the same', in the manner hereinabove described, the individual performing the work is assisted and guided and the combs shifted as desired.'

The links or blades pivoted between the combs are so made that they may be varied vin length by changingtheir points of attachment at either or both'ends of the -respective links. To accomplish this I provided each link at each end thereof so that by removing the pin or screw by whi -h the link is pivoted to the back of the comb, the link may be disconnected and the pivot re-set in another hole to shorten or lengthen the link as the :the size predetermined by the .adjustment of the links before starting the process. The elastic connection may be shortened or lengthened as desired in order to secure the desired "tension,

'In the modification shown in Fig. 8, instead of a single spring 25 being used, I--employ individual springs 32, connected between adjacent combs diagonally though might be straight, as the folding 'of the` links will effect the desired yendwise shifting of the combs alternately, as shown in Figs. 3 and 5. The springs indicated are spiral metal ones though they may be rubber cord like that shown at 25.

While inthe form of apparatus herewith' shown, there-is a lset of combs connected by pivoted links and springs or elastic means combined therewith, it will of course be understood that such spring or elastic means may be dispensedwith and my improved apparatus [used without the same, as herein ointed out. i l

The length b of the combs is only limited the curves of the head',.but I prefer them shorter than the circumference. of the head,

a length to cover the Whole from four to lsix-sections. The teeth of the individualv combsbeing'incut or arched, fit the average contours orl elevations of the human head and the individual teeth can also be made telescopic so that pressure on the comb or 4.device will shorten the teeth over the elevations of the head' and produce a gri ping effect of all the teeth o'n any shape of 4ead and the hair it is desired.v

to wave,

nascere.

From the foregoing description. of the apparatus its operation will be readily underr stood. llhe hair is irst combed, either wet or dry, into a straight direction, then the combs are spread ont or extended so as to fall substantially in line with each other.l as shown in Figs. l, and 2, and are then placed over the straightcombed hair beginning nearest the face or forehead and the teeth of the combs are fully inserted in the hair after it has been wetted. Then thel second comb is moved forward toward the irst and front one and in such sidewise movement is carried endwise to one side and then the third comb is moved forward toward the second one at the same time being shifted endwise in the opposite direction to the second, and this operation is repeated with the remaining combs until each one of the set hasbeen properly positioned. A few ordinary vhairpins are then inserted temporarily in the hair between the adjusted combs to retain the hair in its waved position while the -combs are' being removed and the hair is then dried. The temporary use of hair-pins may oi' course be omitted. The compound movement of the comb draws the hair along with it and the resultant action produces the waves 34, in the hair 35, as shown somewhat diagrammatically in Figs. 5, and 6, the hair being drawn forwardly and sidewise at the same time. ln some cases where the set ot 4combs when. contracted for say half of the space occupied by the combs when extended, the hair isndrawn into a space about half the length of that covered by the straightcombed hair at the beginning of the operation. The links being pivoted to the backs of the combs do not interfere with the hair and while it is preferable to use two linksben tween adjacent combs, one link may be employed if desired and the same attached above and between the teeth as shown with the two links.

My improved hair waving device is especially adapted for waving natural hair on the head, though it may be used for waving other hair, as hereinbefore pointed out.

ll'wish to be understood as not limiting 4my invention Vto the` particular 4constructions herewith shown,y 'it is manifest that vari ous'changes may be made in. the several dit- Vferent parts of theapparatus, without, however, departing from the spirit of my inven tion.'

`Having thus described my invention, what I claim and desire.l to secure by Letters Patent is:

ll. A hair waving apparatus comprising a plurality of hair-engaging devices, jointed means operatively connected with said 'devices and said'c'onnecting means being cone structed and arranged to permit the placing of said hair-engagingdevices inv the hair in laterally spaced apart rei-ation and said conm meeting means being operable to permit said. devices to be individually moved endwise.

2. A hair waving apparatus .comprising two or more hair-engaging devices, jointed vinea-ns operatively connected with said devices andconstructed and arranged to per mit the placing ot said hair-engaging devices in the hair in laterally spaced apart relation and said connecting means being operable to permit said devices to be independently moved endwise alternately in opposite directions.

3. A. hair 'waving apparatus comprising a plurality of hair engaging devices. having means connecting1 them together `and arranged to be placed in the hair in spaced apart sidewise relation and to be moved relatively endwise and toward each other.

d. A hair waving apparatus comprising a plurality or hair engaging devices, means connecting said devices together, said connecting means being constructed and arranged to permit the placing of said devices in position in the hair in a spaced apart sidewise relation and to permit said devices to be individually moved endwise, and means tending to move said devices alternately endwise in oppositedirections and to retain said devices in the shifted posi.u tions.

5. A hair waving apparatus comprisin a plurality of connected hair engaging evices arranged and Constructed to beplaced in the haii" in spaced apart sidewise relation, and means acting todraw the hair'engaging devices laterally toward each other an to move them relatively endwise.

-6. A hair waving apparatus comprising two or more hair-engaging devices having means connecting them together and constructed and arranged to be placed in the bain in spaced apart sidewise relation and to be moved'to bring the devices closer together sidewise and into relatively endwise shifted positions.

7. A hair waving apparatus comprising a plurality of hair engaging devices disposed in substantially sidewise relation to each other, means acting to draw the said devices toward each other, and means serving to move the said devices endwise alternately in opposite directions.

v8. A hair waving apparatus comprising a plurality of hair engaging devices con structed and arranged to be placed in. the

hair in spaced apart si-dewise relatiom.

pivoted links4 connected between adjacent hair engaging devices, and resilient or elastic means secured to the respective end hair engagingdevices andi engaging the intermeiate devices. o

9. A hair waving apparatus comprising a .plurality of hair engaging devices' and means acting'to draw the said devices tomg ward each other, saidv means engaging ad iso 4 l incesto disposed in staggered relation, vand resilient or elastic means secured .to-the respective end devices and passing Ithrough said eyes of the intermediate devices.

12. A hair waving apparatus comprising y a plurality of hair engaging devices arranged in substantially parallel sidewise relation, and links connecting said devices in such manner that each device may be moved in a resultant direction relatively to the adjacent-device, the said resultant movement being compounded of endwise and sidewise movements.

13. vA hair waving apparatus comprising a plurality of hair engaging devices having means connecting them together and arranged to be placed in the hair in spaced apart sidewise relation and adjacent hairengaging devices adapted to be independently moved relatively sidewise.

14. A hair waving apparatus comprising a plurality of hair engaging devices having means "connecting them. .movably together and said means being adjustable to Vvary the range of movement of the said'devices.

15.r A hair waving apparatus comprising* a plurality of hair engaging devices pro'- vided'with means connecting them together and permitting them to be adjusted toward eachother, and resilient means attached to the respective end devices ofthe set and engaging the intermediate combs.

16. A hair waving apparatus comprising a plurality of combs having telescopic teeth to conform to the contour of the head of the subyect.

1 A hair waving apparatus comprising two or more hair-engaging devices movably. connected together 'in laterally disposed re-4 lation, said devices being individuallyconstructed to lon itudinally conform in the plane of the device substantially to the shape of the'liead oit the subject.

18. A hair waving apparatus' comprising two or 'more hair-engaging devices movably connected to ether in laterally disposed relation, said devices being individually constructed to longitudinally' conform in the plane of Vthe device substantially to the shape of the head of the subject, the said connecting means oi the devices providing also for the conformation of said devices as a set substantially to the curvedsurface of the head.

19. A hair waving apparatus comprising two or more hair-engaging devices arranged side by side and having means connecting them movably together, said connecting means providing for the flexing or movement of the said set of devices out of a common plane to accommodate the set to the shape of the head of the subject.

20. A hair waving apparatus comprising two or more combs connected. movably together in laterally spaced apart relation, the ends of the teeth of `each comb being disposed on' an upwardly curved line to longitudinally conform substantially to the shape of the .head of the subject, the combs being relatively movable.

21. Al hair waving apparatus comprising two or-more hair-engaging devices arranged in laterally disposed relation and provided with pivoted links connecting them 'together the said links servingas connecting and guiding means for said devices and as a supporting frame therefor.

22. A hair wavingapparatus comprising a' set of hair engaging devices 1, 1, arranged side byvside and provided with links, such as 7 ,and 8, pivoted between adjacent devices.

23. A hair'wavilig apparatuscomprising a plurality of hair engaging devices, means connecting said devices together, said connecting means being constructed and arranged to permit the placing ofsaid devices inl position in the hair in aspaced apart. sidewise relation and to permit said devices to be moved independently, and means tending to move `said devices alternately in astaggered relation and to retain said devices in the staggered relationthere'by obtained.

ln testimony whereof, I have hereunto set my'hand in the presence of the'l two subscribing witnesses.`

CHARLES NESSLER. Witnesses:

` B. L. DUNN,

Wipers FOWLER. 

